ABSTRACT
Background: Confirmed and suspected patients with SARS-CoV-2 may fear contagion to others and the severe consequences of the disease. Therefore, they may feel loneliness, denial, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and hopelessness, reducing treatment adherence. Objective(s): This study aimed to discuss the psychological challenges of survivors' experiences in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Method(s): This descriptive phenomenological study explored survivors' experiences of COVID-19 infection. Validated websites' stories and notes were used to collect data. The stories were transcribed and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method. The authors screened the transcribed texts, extracted and summarized meaningful statements, and reported the themes indepen-dently. In addition, six criteria of authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, coverage, and appearance were considered for evaluating web page quality. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software. Result(s): A total of 45 patients' stories with COVID-19 were analyzed. Four general themes and 11 sub-themes were extracted via reading stories and extracting themes, including stigma (the sub-themes of embarrassment, defame, and Hopelessness), horror (sub-themes of denial, not professional experience, and toward death), different lifestyles (the sub-themes of change, unfriended, and sleeplessness), and freedom (two sub-themes of calmness and Rescue). Conclusion(s): Based on the studies, the participants reported high rates of symptoms of fear, change, insomnia, and horror. Sup-porting COVID-19 patients in these critical conditions is one of the essential components of acute care measures. Specific interventions to promote mental health in exposed patients should be applied immediately and require special attention.Copyright © 2023, Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.
ABSTRACT
Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly recognized illness that is spreading rapidly around the world and causes many disabilities and deaths. Some diseases, for instance, viral hepatitis, are continuously suggested as a risk factor that contributes to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, to date, there is no comprehensive study aiming to explain the exact relationship between viral hepatitis and COVID-19. Thus, in this study, we aimed to summarize the evidence about viral hepatitis and COVID-19 outbreak through a systematic review approach. Materials and Methods: A literature review was implemented in databases of Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Observational reviews, case-report, and case-series studies that assessed hepatitis in COVID-19 patients were included. Assessment, study selection, and data extraction was made following PRISMA checklist and, the extracted information was reported by Garrard’s table. Results: Some studies showed that there were liver symptoms such as increasing in liver enzymes and functions. The prevalence of hepatitis B was between 0.7% to 6.4%, and the prevalence of hepatitis C was 1.9%. These patients have prolonged hospitalization, poor prognosis, severe symptoms, in addition to the mortality rate among patients with hepatitis and COVID-19 at the same time is higher than others. In addition, it is suggested that patients with hepatitis will be treated with antivirals, especially lopinavir/ritonavir that was useful for the treatment of patients with (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1) SARS-CoV1. Conclusion: The results showed that hepatitis should be considered as a risk factor for the severity of symptoms of COVID-19. And the adverse effect of COVID-19 in patients with hepatitis is more than others. So, the use of antiviral drugs in patients with hepatitis and COVID-19 can prevent the reactivation of hepatitis and reduce the severity of COVID-19. © 2021 Iranian Association of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The 2019 novel coronavirus is another type of known coronaviruses;SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. The World Health Organization (WHO) has named the virus SARS-CoV-2 and its disease as coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated COVID-19). The first case of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The epidemiological studies have shown that the disease is transmitted from animal to human, and the spread of the disease from person to person is rapidly expanding. Currently, the most important factor in preventing and controlling the spread of the disease is proper recognition, health care, and control measures. Given the importance of early detection and timely treatment of the disease, the use of nanoscale materials for the production of sensors and drug delivery system can be of great assistance to the researchers. In this context, we aimed to explain the effects of the prevalence of the disease worldwide and consider the different aspects of SARS-CoV-2. Copyright © 2021, This is an original open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-noncommercial 4.0 International License which permits copy and redistribution of the material just in noncommercial usages with proper citation.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is a viral disease that broke out in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization has been forced to declare a public health emergency due to the global outbreak of COVID-19. The concerns about the COVID-19 disease are the rapid increase in the number of patients as well as the number of deaths compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome disease. Given that there is a remarkable variability amongst people for COVID-19 infection, there really is the possibility that there will be genetic and environmental effects, it is a need for their role to be fully clarified as soon as possible. Numerous studies have been performed on the on the stability of COVID-19 virus in different environmental conditions including temperature and humidity. In this study, we aimed to discuss in detail the benefits and effects of these factors on COVID-19. Some studies have confirmed the relationship between environmental conditions and disease transmission and others have rejected. Furthermore, not all COVID-19 exposed people are infected and not all infected patients develop severe respiratory complications. It is quite likely that these disparities are genetically mediated, in part. People who may be occupationally exposed to this virus may be due to different reasons, including lack of health, lack of knowledge and attitude, and working conditions. Reducing human-to-human contact by increasing the level of public health in the community as well as maintaining social distance plays a key role in prevention of COVID-19 disease. However, many aspects of COVID-19 are still unknown and require further and extensive studies.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading around the world. At present (up to July 11, 2020), 255,117 cases and 12,635 deaths due to this disease have been reported in Iran. Following the guidelines recommended for the prevention and control of the disease is the most important approach to combating this global threat. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear of the Iranian people in relation to COVID-19. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 558 Iranian people who entered the study by convenience sampling method. The knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear of the Iranian general population toward COVID-19 were collected using an online 50-items questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, independent sample T-test, and bivariate Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The studied subjects were mostly in urban area (81.0%), female (61.3%), and married (57.9%). The participants’ knowledge about personal hygiene (88.9%), using a facemask (82.2%), and the symptoms of the COVID-19 (76.8%) were adequate. However, their knowledge about contaminated surfaces disinfection procedure (41.8%), and the importance of using a facemask for healthy people (43.7%) was lower. The highest level of the subjects’ attitude was related to the role of social distancing (94.6%), staying at home (94.5%), and personal hygiene (91.2%). The low levels of attitude were also associated with access to personal protective equipment (84.1%) and the psychological effects of COVID-19 (65.3%). Furthermore, the highest levels of practices were related to avoiding hand shaking with others (91.5%) and washing hands frequently (88.8%). The practices such as following a healthy and nutritious diet (45.1%) and wearing gloves (51.4%) were reported to be less common. CONCLUSION: The results showed that about half of the subjects did not have enough knowledge about COVID-19. However, the attitude and practice of most of the participants toward COVID-19 were moderate or good. Nevertheless, the extensive health education interventions are needed to promote knowledge about COVID-19 and also to motivate people to do preventive behaviors.